One of the predominant modes of virus transmission is the inhalation ofcontaminated respiratory droplets containing viral pathogens through the nasal route, which leads toupper and lower respiratory tract infections. More than 100 different types of viruses cause respiratorydiseases, including rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus,enterovirus, coronavirus, and metapneumovirus. The virus initially attaches to the nasal lining, where itmultiplies, followed by spreading the infection into the airways. Although masks and respirators areeffective approaches for preventing viral infections, respiratory protection may compromise up to 60%due to gaps and edge seal leakage. The nasal cavity has the innate ability to filter out large airborneparticles from the inhaled air. The nasal spray formulation proposed here maximizes the capture of virus-containing large respiratory droplets in the nasal cavity, synergistically acts as a barrier to prevent virusentry through the nasal lining, and deactivates the virus within minutes.

The global market for conventional woven textiles is ∼the U.S. $1.2 trillionwith applications in a diverse range of products from automobile to aerospace and consumer goods, with8% for medical devices. In conventional textile technology, threads are developed from micron sizefilaments/fibers. Nanotextiles, defined as textiles developed from nano-threads, contain bundles ofthousands of fibers in the nanoscale range. The invention of nanotextiles could unfold new frontiers in thecoming decade with properties significantly different from conventional textiles. Increased surface areaand enhanced mechanical properties of nano-fiber-based textiles overrode the conventional textile-basedproducts. Despite the great demand for nanotextiles, a technology gap exists in the development andlarge-scale production of nanoscale threads and textiles

Globally, millions of patients are affected by heart attack or limb gangrene/amputation due to blockage of small diameter (< 5 mm) blood vessels. After more than half a century of research, the available surgical treatment to bypass the blocked vessel is based on synthetic vascular grafts that provide only sub-optimal benefits. More than 50% of the synthetic grafts fail at one year due to poor healing, leading to excessive inflammation and blood clot. Another reason attributed to the failure is the mismatch in mechanical properties of the commercial graft with the native blood vessel. Hence, there is a critical clinical unmet need for more effective small-diameter arterial conduits that promotes healing and rapid tissue regeneration integrated with the native blood vessel.